An 80-year-old female with advanced lung cancer was treated with carboplatin and etoposide as a fourth-line treatment. Lenograstim was administered for treating chemotherapy-induced febrile neutropenia in the first cycle of chemotherapy, and we used pegfilgrastim in the second cycle of chemotherapy. A few days after administration of pegfilgrastim, she complained of fever and neck pain, and contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) scan revealed a large-vessel vasculitis, which led to the diagnosis of pegfilgrastim-associated vasculitis. Systemic corticosteroid therapy resolved both the clinical and radiological findings of vasculitis. Drug-induced vasculitis should be included in the differential diagnosis of patients with fever of unknown origin, after the administration of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor preparations.