Currently, “idiopathic interstitial pneumonia,” “other interstitial pneumonia,” and “bronchiolitis obliterans” are used as disease categories to register patients for lung transplantation from brain-dead donors in Japan. However, the latter two categories contain heterogeneous diseases because of inconsistent criteria applied by each center. Hypersensitivity pneumonitis and interstitial pneumonia secondary to collagen diseases are both presently categorized as “other interstitial pneumonia” and posthematopoietic stem cell transplantation lung injury is presently categorized as “bronchiolitis obliterans” or “other interstitial pneumonia,” depending on the patient's condition without solid criteria. The prognoses of these patients on the transplant waiting list were equally poor compared with idiopathic interstitial pneumonia. Although the number of patients who received lung transplantation was insufficient except for idiopathic interstitial pneumonia, there was a trend of good posttransplant survival in interstitial pneumonia; that of posthematopoietic stem cell transplantation lung injury tended to be poorer compared with pulmonary artery hypertension. When these results are considered, the priority of lung-transplant candidates in Japan needs further refinement.