A new era of medicine is now upon us as knowledge of regenerative medicine, bioinformatics, immunology, and molecular biology are becoming essential for diagnosis and therapeutic intervention. Furthermore, new technologies, such as molecular drug targeting [e.g., tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) and antibodies as drugs], next-generation DNA sequencing, and genome editing using the CRISPR/Cas9 system are becoming applicable for use in respiratory medicine. Therefore in this issue, we review 1) biomarkers (Ohta S, et al), 2) regenerative medicine using iPS cell (Saito J), 3) animal models for respiratory medicine (Tetsumoto S, et al), 4) next-generation sequencing (Sunami K, et al), 5) costimulatory/coinhibitory molecules (Ishii N), 6) innate immunity (Yamamoto C, et al), and 7) genome editing using CRISPR/Cas (Mashiko D, et al). We believe that this issue, focused on "Cell and molecular biology: Impact on the clinical practice of the future," will help in the understanding of changes that are developing in respiratory medicine.