Nursing and healthcare-associated pneumonia (NHCAP) is a new category defined in the 2011 Japanese guidelines of the Japanese Respiratory Society. Physicians should consider pandrug-resistant pathogens in selecting an antibiotic treatment of NHCAP. We compared clinical differences between survivors and nonsurvivors in 215 patients with NHCAP. All of these patients (183 survivors and 32 nonsurvivors) were hospitalized for one year, 2010. Comparisons were made of baseline underlying disease, severity, laboratory data, pathogen distribution, index of the necessity of nursing care and antibiotic agents. Nonsurvivors had a higher predicting-pneumonia severity index and necessity of nursing care than survivors did, but there was no significant difference in isolated frequency of pandrug-resistant pathogens between the two groups. Multivariate regression analysis showed that low blood pressure, SCr, age, and index of necessity of nursing care were significantly correlated with mortality of NHCAP patients. In the treatment of NHCAP, we should consider the risk of pandrug-resistant pathogens and pneumonia severity index as well as an assessment of general status, including the activities of daily living.