Combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE) complicates lung cancer at high incidence. However, its indication for surgical resection of lung cancer and the prognosis after surgery have not been assessed. The aim of this study was to clarify the clinical course and prognosis after the surgical resection of lung cancer complicated with CPFE. We conducted a retrospective study of 27 patients who underwent surgical resection of lung cancer complicated by CPFE in our hospital; 5 cases underwent thoracotomy, and 22 underwent video-assisted thoracic surgery. Partial resection was performed in 1 case, and a lobectomy was done in 26 cases. Two cases of acute exacerbation of interstitial pneumonia occurred following lung surgery. Many cases maintained their lung functions after surgery. We therefore recommend surgical resection of lung cancer complicated by CPFE in cases of pulmonary function reserved.