Tuberculosis is a serious complication in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). To clarify the clinical features, a retrospective observational study was conducted from 1997 to 2013 at the Osaka National Hospital, using a cohort of HIV-infected patients diagnosed with tuberculosis. Forty-one patients were evaluated in this study; 40 patients were men, and one was a woman. The mean age was 44.6 years, and 34 patients were not taking antiretroviral therapy at the time of tuberculosis onset. Pulmonary tuberculosis was diagnosed in 18 patients, and 23 were diagnosed with extrapulmonary tuberculosis or extrapulmonary tuberculosis complicated with pulmonary tuberculosis. An interferon-gamma release assay was performed by using samples from 19 patients that revealed the following: 18 patients had positive test results, and 1 had an indeterminate result. Two patients experienced permanent damage. Our analysis revealed that the clinical features of tuberculosis in HIV-infected patients are sometimes different from those of tuberculosis in non-HIV-infected patients. Proper diagnosis and treatment are important for HIV-infected patients diagnosed with tuberculosis.