Major risk factors for bronchial asthma include aspirin-intolerant asthma (AIA), exercise-induced asthma (EIA), and asthma in the elderly. AIA is characterized by complications of eosinophilic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps and the onset of cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) inhibitor-induced severe upper and lower respiratory tract symptoms, which suggests that specific measures against the misuse of COX-1 inhibitors are needed. The pathology of EIA in athletes has been gradually elucidated. Administration of β-agonists prior to exercise is useful, but additional long-term control medication is recommended if the condition is uncontrolled. If such drug administration is performed, caution should be exercised to ensure that the drug is not a prohibited doping agent. Asthma in the elderly is quite likely to be underdiagnosed, underestimated, or undertreated. Therefore treatment focusing on individual risk factors is important.